Themes:
Greek Myth
Myths and legends
Heroes

Historical Context:
How Do We Know
The Greek Theatre
Time Line

Lesson Plans:
Primary
Secondary

How do we know – archaeological evidence.

In 1894 the archaeologist, Sir Arthur Evans, arrived in Crete and began excavating. His workman started to dig out the ruins of Knossos, the palace of King Minos, in 1900. Much remained of this huge, splendid building and many works of art were uncovered. It is easy to imagine that the size and complexity of the palace gave rise to the idea of the maze, or labyrinth, at Knossos where the Minotaur was imprisoned in the story of Theseus.

The principle source for the story of Theseus is Plutarch, a Greek philosopher who lived in the first and early part of the second century AD. The idea of Theseus as the father of democracy seems to have originated in the sixth century BC, where democratic reforms were first initiated. From the late sixth century to the mid-sixth century BC the popularity of Theseus rivals that Heracles in Athenian art and thought. In 490 BC, when the Athenians were hard pressed by the Persians at the battle of Marathon, it was Theseus (founder of the way of life that they were fighting for), who was said to have appeared at the head of the army and inspired the soldiers to new strength.

Bulls in Cretan mythology

The Mediterranean has always suffered from earthquakes. The Minoans of Ancient Crete may have been trying to explain these disturbances when they invented the story of a bull – monster that lived beneath the island. Its stamping and bellowing was said to make the ground tremble. The Minotaur was supposed to be descended from this underground bull. Bulls played an important part in Cretan mythology and stories like Theseus and the Minotaur were probably inspired by Cretan beliefs.

Usborne Illustrated Guide to Greek Myths and Legends - Cheryl Evans and Anne Millard

Mask from Mycenal - National rchaeological Museum